Last Stone Weight
You are given an array of integers `stones` where `stones[i]` is the weight of the `i`th stone. We are playing a game with the stones. On each turn, we choose the heaviest two stones and smash them together. Suppose the heaviest two stones have weights `x` and `y` with `x <= y`. If `x == y`, both stones are destroyed. If `x != y`, the stone of weight `x` is destroyed, and the stone of weight `y` has new weight `y - x`. At the end of the game, there is at most one stone left. Return the weight of the last remaining stone. If there are no stones left, return `0`.
Examples
Constraints
1 <= stones.length <= 301 <= stones[i] <= 1000
Max Heap
Approach
Since we always need to find and remove the two largest elements, a Max Heap is the perfect data structure. Add all stone weights to a Max Heap. While the heap has more than one stone, pop the top two stones. If they are not equal, push their difference (`y - x`) back into the heap. Finally, return the remaining stone's weight if the heap is not empty, otherwise return 0. In Python, use a Min Heap with negative values to simulate a Max Heap.
Complexity Analysis
N is the number of stones. Building the heap takes O(N) or O(N log N) depending on the implementation. Each of the N iterations does two pops and one push, taking O(log N).
class Solution { public int lastStoneWeight(int[] stones) { // Max Heap (reverse order) PriorityQueue<Integer> maxHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(Collections.reverseOrder()); for (int stone : stones) { maxHeap.offer(stone); } while (maxHeap.size() > 1) { int y = maxHeap.poll(); // Heaviest int x = maxHeap.poll(); // Second heaviest if (y > x) { maxHeap.offer(y - x); } } return maxHeap.isEmpty() ? 0 : maxHeap.poll(); }}